Emily Dickinson Lexicon
Dictionary: ROUGH'EN-ING – ROUND
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ROUGH'EN-ING, ppr.
Making rough.
ROUGH-FOOT-ED, a. [ruf'-footed.]
Feather-footed; as, a rough-fooled dove. Sherwood.
ROUGH-HEW, v.t. [ruf'-hew. rough and hew.]
- To hew coarsely without smoothing; as, to rough-hew timber.
- To give the first form or shape to a thing. There's a divinity that shapes our ends, / Rough-hew them how we will. Shak.
ROUGH-HEWN, pp. [or adj.; ruf'-hewn.]
- Hewn coarsely without smoothing.
- Rugged; unpolished; of coarse manners; rude. A rough-hewn seaman. Bacon.
- Unpolished; not nicely finished. Howell.
ROUGH-INGS, n. [ruf'ings.]
Grass after mowing or reaping. [Local.]
ROUGH'-LEAF-ED, a.
Having rough leaves.
ROUGH-LY, adv. [ruf'ly.]
- With uneven surface; with asperities on the surface.
- Harshly; uncivilly; rudely; as, to be treated roughly.
- Severely; without tenderness; as, to blame too roughly. Dryden.
- Austerely to the taste.
- Boisterously; tempestuously.
- Harshly to the ear.
- Violently; not gently.
ROUGH-NESS, n. [ruf'ness.]
- Unevenness of surface, occasioned by small prominences; asperity of surface; as, the roughness of a board, of a floor, or of a rock.
- Austereness to the taste; as, the roughness of sloes. Brown.
- Taste of astringency. Spectator.
- Harshness to the ear; as, the roughness of sounds. Swift.
- Ruggedness of temper; harshness; austerity. Addison.
- Coarseness of manners or behavior; rudeness. Severity breedeth fear; but roughness breedeth hate. Bacon.
- Want of delicacy or refinement; as, military roughness.
- Severity; harshness or violence of discipline.
- Violence of operation in medicines.
- Unpolished or unfinished state; as, the roughness of a gem or a draught.
- Inelegance of dress or appearance.
- Tempestuousness; boisterousness; as of winds or weather.
- Violent agitation by wind; as, the roughness of the sea in a storm.
- Coarseness of features.
ROUGH-RI-DER, n. [ruf'-rider.]
One who breaks horses.
ROUGH-SHOD, a. [ruf'-shod.]
Shod with shoes armed with points; as, a rough-shod horse. [This word is not generally used in America. In New England, instead of rough- shod, calked is used.]
ROUGHT, v. [for Raught; pret. of Reach. Obs.]
Shak.
ROUGH-WORK, v.t. [ruf'-work. rough and work.]
To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness or finish. Moxon.
ROUGH-WROUGHT, a. [ruf'-raut.]
Wrought or done coarsely.
ROU-LEAU, n. [roolo'; Fr.]
A little roll; a roll of guineas in paper. Pope.
ROUN, v.i. [G. raunen; Sax. runian, from run, runa, mystery, whence runic.]
To whisper. [Obs.] Gower.
ROUN, v.t.
To address in a whisper. [Obs.] Bret.
ROUNCE, n. [rouns'.]
The handle of a printing press.
ROUN'CE-VAL, n. [from Sp. Roncesvalles, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees.]
A variety of pea, so called. Tusser.
ROUND, a. [Fr. rond; It. Sp. and Port. ronda, a round; Arm. roundt; G. Dan. and Sw. rund; D. rond. Qu. W. crwn, Ir. cruin, Arm. cren.]
- Cylindrical; circular; spherical or globular. Round is applicable to a cylinder as well as to a globe or sphere. We say, the barrel of a musket is round; a ball is round; a circle is round. 2 Full; large; as, a round sum or price. Addison.
- Full; smooth; flowing; not defective or abrupt. In his satires, Horace is quick, round and pleasant. Peacham. His style, though round and comprehensive. Fell.
- Plain; open; candid; fair. Round dealing is the honor of man's nature. Bacon. Let her be round with him. Shak.
- Full; quick; brisk; as, a round trot. Addison.
- Full; plump; bold; positive; as, a round assertion. A round number, is a number that ends with a cipher, and may be divided by 10 without a remainder; a complete or full number. It is remarkable that the W. cant, a hundred, the L. centum, and Sax. hund, signify properly a circle, and this use of round may have originated in a like idea.
ROUND, adv.
- On all sides. Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round. Luke xix.
- Circularly; in a circular form; as, a wheel turns round.
- From one side or party to another; as, to come or turn round. Hence these expressions signify to change sides or opinions.
- Not in a direct line; by a course longer than the direct course. The shortest course is not the best; let us go round. All round, in common speech, denotes over the whole place, or in every direction. Round about is tautological.
ROUND, n.
- A circle; a circular thing, or a circle in motion. With rounds of waxen tapers on their heads. Shak. Knit your hands, and beat the ground / In a light fantastic round. Milton.
- Action or performance in a circle, or passing through a series of hands or things, and coming to the point of beginning; or the time of such action. Women to cards may be compared; we play / A round or two; when used, we throw away. Granville. The feast was serv'd; the bowl was crown'd; / To the king's pleasure went the mirthful round. Prior. So we say, a round of labors or duties. We run the daily round. Addison.
- Rotation in office; succession in vicissitude. Holyday.
- A rundle; the step of a ladder. All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise. Dryden.
- A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe. Hence the officer and men who perform this duty are called the rounds. Encyc.
- A dance; a sons; a roundelay, or a species of fugue. Davies.
- A general discharge of fire-arms by a body of troops, in which each soldier fires once. In volleys, it is usual for a company or regiment to fire three rounds. A round of cartridges and balls, one cartridge to each man; as, to supply a regiment with a single round or with twelve rounds of cartridges. A round of beef, a cut of the thigh through and across the bone.
ROUND, prep.
- On every side of; as, the people stood round him; the sun sheds light round the earth. In this sense, around is much used, and all is often used to modify the word. They stood all round or around him.
- About; in a circular course, or in all parts; as, to go round the city. He led his guest round his fields and garden. He wanders round the world.
- Circularly; about; as, to wind a cable round the windlass. To come or get round one, in popular language, is to gain advantage over one by flattery or deception; to circumvent.
ROUND, v.i.1
- To grow or become round. The queen, your mother, rounds space. Shak.
- To go round, as a guard. They nightly rounding walk. Milton. To round to, in sailing, is to turn the head of the ship toward the wind.
ROUND, v.i.2 [a corruption of roun; Sax. runian; G. raunen.]
To whisper; as, to round in the ear. [Obs.] Bacon.
ROUND, v.t.
- To make circular, spherical or cylindrical; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of any thing. Worms with many feet, that round themselves into balls, are bred chiefly under logs of timber. Bacon.
- To surround; to encircle; to encompass. Th' inclusive verge / Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak. Our little life is rounded with a sleep. Shak.
- To form to the arch or figure of the section of a circle. The figures on our modern medals are raised and rounded to very great perfection. Addison.
- To move about any thing; as, the sun, in polar regions, rounds the horizon. Milton.
- To make full, smooth and flowing; as, to round periods in writing. Swift. To round in, among seamen, to pull upon a slack rope, which passes through one or more blocks in a direction nearly horizontal. Mar. Dict.