Dictionary: AR-THRI'TIS – AR-TIL'LER-IST

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AR-THRI'TIS, n. [Gr. αρθριτις, from αρθρον, a joint.]

In a general sense, any painful disease of joints; but more particularly the gout, an hereditary, intermitting disease, usually affecting the small joints; sometimes the stomach; any inflammation of the joints. – Coxe. Quincy.

AR-THRO'DI-A, n. [from αρθροω, to frame or articulate.]

  1. A species of articulation, in which the head of one bone is received into the shallow socket of another; as the humerus and the scapula. – Encyc.
  2. In natural history, a genus of imperfect crystals, found in complex masses, and forming long single pyramids, with very short and slender columns. – Encyc. This word is by mistake used by some authors for arctic.

AR-THROD'IC, a.

Relating to arthrodia, which see.

AR'TI-CHOKE, n. [Qu. the first syllable of Gr. αρτυτικα, Fr. artichaut; Arm. artichauden; Sp. alcachofa; Port. alcachofra; It. carciofo, carciofano, or carciofalo. The first syllable is probably the L. carduus, chard, thistle, corrupted. D. artichok; G. artischoke; Dan. artiskok.]

The Cyndra Scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated and prickly calyx. The head is large, rough and scaly, on an upright stalk. It is composed of numerous, oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is the eatable part of the plant. – Encyc. Miller. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species of sunflower or helianthus.

AR'TI-CLE, n. [L. articulus, a joint, from artus; Gr. αρθρον.]

  1. A single clause in a contract, account, system of regulations, treaty, or other writing; a particular separate charge or item, in an account; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract. In short, a distinct part of a writing, instrument or discourse, consisting of two or more particulars; as, articles of agreement; an account consisting of many articles.
  2. A point of faith; a doctrinal point or proposition in theology; as the thirty-nine articles.
  3. A distinct part. Upon each article of human duty. – Paley.
  4. A particular commodity, or substance; as, an article of merchandise; salt is a necessary article. In common usage, this word is applied to almost every separate substance or material. The articles which compose the blood. – Darwin.
  5. A point of time. [Not in use.] – Clarendon.
  6. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem, which is between two joints. – Milne.
  7. In grammar, an adjective used before nouns, to limit or define their application; as hic, ille, ipse, in Latin; ὁ, ἡ, το, in Greek; the, this, that, in English; le, la, les, in French; il, la, lo, in Italian. The primary use of these adjectives was to convert an indeterminate name into a determinate one; or to limit the application of a common name, to a specific, known, or certain individual. But article being an improper term to express the true signification, I make use of definitive, which see.

AR'TI-CLE, v.i. [supra.]

To agree by articles; to stipulate. – Donne.

AR'TI-CLE, v.t.

  1. To draw up in distinct particulars; as, to article the errors or follies of man. – Taylor.
  2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. “He shall be articled against in the High Court of Admiralty.” Stat. 33 Geo. III.
  3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic.

AR'TI-CLED, pp.

Drawn up in particulars; accused or bound by articles.

AR-TIC'U-LAR, a. [L. articularis.]

Belonging to the joints; as, the gout is an articular disease.

AR-TIC'U-LAR-LY, adv.

So as to sound every letter.

AR-TIC-U-LA'TA, n. [plur.]

Animals having no internal skeleton, but jointed coverings, as insects. Mantell.

AR-TIC'U-LATE, a. [L. articulatus, jointed, distinct.]

  1. Formed by jointing or articulation of the organs of speech; applied to sound. An articulate sound is made by closing and opening the organs of speech. The junction or closing of the organs forms a joint or articulation, as in the syllables ab, ad, ap; in passing from one articulation to another, the organs are, or may be opened, and a vowel is uttered, as in attune; and the different articulations, with the intervening vocal sounds, form what is called articulate sounds; sounds distinct, separate, and modified by articulation or jointing. This articulation constitutes the prominent difference between the human voice and that of brutes. Brutes open the mouth and make vocal sounds, but have, either not at all, or very imperfectly, the power of articulation.
  2. Expressed in articles, or in separate particulars. [Not used.] – Brown.
  3. Jointed; formed with joints. – Botany.

AR-TIC'U-LATE, v.t.

  1. To utter articulate sounds; to utter distinct syllables or words.
  2. To draw up or write in separate particulars. [Not used.] – Shak.
  3. To treat, stipulate or make terms. [Not used.] – Shak.
  4. To joint. – Smith.

AR-TIC'U-LA-TED, pp.

  1. Uttered distinctly in syllables or words.
  2. Jointed; having joints, as a plant or animal.

AR-TIC'U-LATE-LY, adv.

  1. With distinct utterance of syllables or words.
  2. Article by article; in detail. – Paley.

AR-TIC'U-LATE-NESS, n.

The quality of being articulate.

AR-TIC'U-LA-TING, ppr.

Uttering in distinct syllables or words.

AR-TIC-U-LA'TION, n.

  1. In anatomy, the joining or juncture of the bones. This is of three kinds: 1st, diarthrosis, or a movable connection, including enarthrosis, or the ball and socket joint; arthrodia, which is the same, but more superficial; ginglymus, or hinge-like joint; and trochoid, or the wheel and axle: 2nd, synarthrosis, immovable connection, as by suture, or junction by serrated margins; harmony, or union by straight margins; and gomphosis, like a nail driven in a board, as the teeth in their sockets: 3rd, symphysis, or union by means of another substance; as, synchondrosis, union by a cartilage; syssarcosis, union by muscular fibres; synneurosis, union by a tendon; syndesmosis, union by ligaments; and synostosis, union by a bony substance. – Quincy. Coxe.
  2. In botany, the connection of the parts of a plant by joints; also the nodes or joints, as in cane and maiz. – Encyc.
  3. The forming of words; a distinct utterance of syllables and words by the human voice, by means of closing and opening the organs.
  4. A consonant; a letter noting a jointing or closing of the organs.

ART'I-FICE, n. [L. artificium, from ars, art, and facio, to make.]

  1. Artful contrivance; an artful or ingenious device, in a good or bad sense. In a bad sense, it corresponds with trick, or fraud.
  2. Art; trade; skill acquired by science or practice. [Not used.]

ART-IF'I-CER, n. [L. artifex, from ars, and facio.]

  1. An artist; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind; as, a silversmith or saddler.
  2. One who makes or contrives; an inventor; as, an artificer of fraud or lies. – Milton.
  3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [Not used.] Ben Jonson.

ART-I-FI'CIAL, a.

  1. Made or contrived by art, or by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light; an artificial magnet.
  2. Feigned; fictitious; not genuine or natural; as, artificial tears.
  3. Contrived with skill or art.
  4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not being of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. Gibbon. Artificial arguments, in rhetoric, are arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. – Johnson. Artificial lines, on a sector or scale, are lines so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, &c. Artificial numbers, the same with logarithms. – Chambers. Encyc.

ART-I-FI-CI-AL'I-TY, n.

The quality of being artificial; appearance of art. – Shenstone.

ART-I-FI'CIAL-LY, adv.

By art, or human skill and contrivance; hence, with good contrivance; with art or ingenuity.

ART-I-FI'CIAL-NESS, n.

The quality of being artificial.

AR-TIL'LER-IST, n.

A person skilled in gunnery.